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175 significance to poultry producers worldwide. More worrisome is the recent data indicating a close relationship of such strains with those that cause urinary tract infections UTIsneonatal meningi- tis and sepsis in humans. Controlling the organism in poultry is likely to lessen the potential zoonotic threat and above all will safeguard the food supply and personnel safety. Although commercial vaccines against APEC are available their efficacy is often limited and serotype specific in the presence of multiple serotypes associated with this disease.As suchthere is a pressing need for broadly cross-protective vaccines especially at this time of increased prevalence of APEC infections directly arising from changes in poultry production practices. To provide the basis of assessing the efficacy of new vaccine candidatesProfessor Dzivas studies initially targeted the understanding of how currently licensed commercial vaccines which confer limited protection work through dissecting the immunological basis of such protec- tion.Such information is essential for designing newor for ration- ally improvingexisting vaccines for the control of APEC infections in poultry. Through a UWI Campus and Researchfunded project Prof Dzivas graduate student has recently shown that avian pathogenic E. coli is among the bacterial pathogens that are threatening duck productivity in Trinidad. Future work entails designing intervention strategies to reduce the incidences of such infections. Selected Publications Dziva F. P.M. van Diemen M.P. Stevens A.J. Smith and T.S. Wallis. Identification of Escherichia coli O157H7 genes influencing coloni- sation of the bovine gastrointestinal tract using signature-tagged mutagenesis.Microbiology20041503631-3645. Dziva F. H. Hauser T.R. Connor P.M. van Diemen G. Prescott G.C. Langridge S. Eckert R.R. Chaudhuri et al. Sequencing and functional annotation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli serogroup O78 strains reveal the evolution of E. coli lineages pathogenic for poultry via distinct mechanisms. Infection and Immunity 201381838-849. SadeyenJ.R. Z. Wu H. Davies P.M. van Diemen A. Milicic R.M. La Ragione P. Kaiser M.P. Stevens and F. Dziva. Immune responses associated with homologous protection conferred by commercial vaccines for control of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in turkeys. Veterinary Research20154651-14.