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control environment health and safety studies biofuels and biotechnology. Infrastructurally to facilitate ongoing and new research and development new laboratories have been and will be expanded and others constructed. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research Impact Statement The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering provides internationally accredited academic trainingat the undergraduate and post-graduate levelsfor civil and environmental engineers for the design and construction of the built environment.Moreoverit strives for the built environment to be in harmony with the natural environment as well as to be resistant to natural hazards.Thusthe Department concentrates on teaching and research in mechanics materialsdesign and construction management. Areas of Research Over the yearsconsiderable research has been accomplished and reported in leading international archival journals and interna- tional conferences and is continuingin the following areas Pavement design for highways in the tropics Engineering properties of Lake Asphalt Design of foundations in expansive clays Seismic resistant design of structures Coastal erosion Estimation of in-stream flows Impact of climate change on water resources Water and food security in small islands Transport of contaminants in coastal seasgroundwater and rivers Recycling of building materials Use of timber in construction Hurricane-resistant design of buildings Safety of dams Scientific management of construction projects and natural disasters. Improving the teaching and learning of civil environmental engineering design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering In communications systems research is being conducted in the application of cellphone technology in the fishing industry. Research continues to extend ideas in communications theory and applications. In energy systems a major multi-disciplinary project is being pursued in the area of smart grid technology and its application with collaboration between researchers in the Department and researchers from Physics and Computer Science. The intention is to develop capacity in smart grid technology within the region.In computer systems engineering Nvidia Corporation is working closely with the Department in the design of parallel processors and their application in a variety of systems. The company has provided strong support for this research. In the area of electronic music there has been a significant focus on the Phi Pan project and its commercializa- tion. Finally extensive work is being done in the application of linear integrated circuits with several papers being published. Department of Geomatics Engineering and Land Management The Departments research and development efforts continue to be nationally regionally and internationally recognised. Between 2010 and 2014 several research projects were completed in areas such as disaster management and mitigationglobal climate change and sea level rise coastal inundation land degradation deforestation urban planning planning policy and legislation land administration and registration systems land management marine and coastal zone managementspatial data infrastructuresparticipatory 3D modeling and mapping global positioning systems and geodetic infrastruc- ture. These projects have had significant impact on local and national organizations in Trinidad and Tobago Haiti Grenada Guyana St. Kitts and Nevis and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. The research has impacted regional bodies including CDEMA and the OECS. Significant collaboration and support were provided by several organizations including the World BankUNDPOECSICURA IDRCCDEMAUN HabitatIDBEUand the GORTT. The work of the Department has been presented at national regional and international conferences hosted by the International Federation of Surveyorsthe Commonwealth Association of Survey- ing and Land Economy the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure AssociationURISAESRIUNDPthe World Bankand Urban Planning Forum and other professional associations and organizations. Several papers have been published in book chapters and regional and international journals. The work of the Department has influenced national policy legislation and improved the decision- making processes of several agencies and governments in the region. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Research is being carried out in the following areas A DevelopmentofManufacturingProcessesandLeanApproach. Improvement of remanufacturing operationsa lean approach Lean construction practices in the Trinidad and Tobago housing construction industry An integrated product design methodology for function and geometry through DFX principles B SoilsandSoilTechnology Modelling and measuring the thermal and electrical conductivity of local soils Use of sensors to measure soil moisture contents Effect of machinery traffic and soil amendments on soil erosion and cultivation Design and development of equipment for soils and general engineering practice C. DevelopmentofBambooTechnologyinTrinidad The major objectives of the research in the development of the bamboo industry in TT and the Caribbean are Investigate the potential of bamboo as a sustainable resource. Investigate the impact of bamboo cultivation on the carbon footprint. Develop new endemic species of bamboo geared for commercialization. 62